Kasuwar Rufi ta Afirka: Damar Sabuwar Shekara da Kurakurai

Ana sa ran tattalin arzikin Afirka zai samu ɗan ci gaba a shekarar 2024, inda gwamnatoci a nahiyar ke sa ran ƙarin faɗaɗa tattalin arziki a shekarar 2025. Wannan zai share fagen farfaɗo da aiwatar da ayyukan more rayuwa, musamman a fannin sufuri, makamashi da gidaje, waɗanda galibi ke da alaƙa da ƙaruwar amfani da nau'ikan rufin gida daban-daban.

Wani sabon hasashen tattalin arziki ga Afirka da Bankin Raya Afirka na yankin (AfDB) ya yi, ya yi hasashen cewa tattalin arzikin nahiyar zai karu zuwa kashi 3.7% a shekarar 2024 da kuma kashi 4.3% a shekarar 2025.

Rahoton AfDB ya ce, "Ana hasashen cewa karuwar matsakaicin ci gaban Afirka za ta kasance karkashin jagorancin Gabashin Afirka (ƙara da kashi 3.4 cikin ɗari) da Kudancin Afirka da Yammacin Afirka (kowannensu yana ƙaruwa da kashi 0.6 cikin ɗari)."

Bankin ya kara da cewa akalla kasashe 40 na Afirka "za su samu karuwar tattalin arziki a shekarar 2024 idan aka kwatanta da shekarar 2023, kuma adadin kasashen da ke da karuwar tattalin arziki sama da kashi 5% zai karu zuwa 17."

Ana sa ran wannan ci gaban da ake sa ran samu, ko da kuwa ƙarami ne, zai tallafawa ƙoƙarin Afirka na rage nauyin basussukan da ke kanta, da kuma haɓaka ayyukan samar da ababen more rayuwa da ake ci gaba da yi da kuma waɗanda suka jinkirta, musamman gidaje masu araha, hanyoyi, layin dogo, da kuma cibiyoyin ilimi don ɗaukar nauyin ɗaliban da ke ƙaruwa cikin sauri.

Ayyukan Kayayyakin more rayuwa

Ana gudanar da ayyuka da dama na samar da ababen more rayuwa a kasashen Afirka da dama, duk da cewa shekarar 2024 ta zo karshe, inda wasu daga cikin masu samar da kayan rufi a yankin suka bayar da rahoton karuwar kudaden shiga na tallace-tallace a kwata na farko, na biyu, da na uku na shekara, wanda hakan ya samo asali ne daga kyakkyawan aikin sassan masana'antu kamar masana'antar kera motoci da kuma karin jari a fannin gidaje.

Misali, ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana'antun fenti a Gabashin Afirka, Crown Paints (Kenya) PLC wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1958, ta sami karuwar kashi 10% a cikin kuɗin shiga na rabin shekarar farko da ta ƙare a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2024 zuwa dala miliyan 47.6 idan aka kwatanta da dala miliyan 43 na shekarar da ta gabata.

Ribar kamfanin kafin haraji ta kai dala miliyan 1.1 idan aka kwatanta da dala miliyan 568,700 na lokacin da ya ƙare a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2023, karuwar da aka danganta da "ƙaruwar yawan tallace-tallace."

"Jimillar riba ta karu sakamakon ƙaruwar shilling na Kenya idan aka kwatanta da manyan kuɗaɗen duniya a lokacin da ya ƙare a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2024 da kuma kyakkyawan canjin kuɗi ya tabbatar da daidaito a farashin kayan da aka shigo da su daga ƙasashen waje," in ji Conrad Nyikuri, sakataren kamfanin Crown Paints.

Kyakkyawan aikin da Crown Paints ke yi yana da tasiri sosai kan samar da wasu kayayyaki daga 'yan kasuwar duniya waɗanda samfuran da kamfanin ke rarrabawa a Gabashin Afirka ke samarwa.

Baya ga nau'ikan fenti na mota da ake samu a ƙarƙashin Motocryl ɗinta don kasuwa ta yau da kullun, Crown Paints kuma tana samar da samfuran Duco da kuma manyan kayayyaki na duniya daga Nexa Autocolour (PPG) da Duxone (Axalta Coating Systems) da kuma babban kamfanin sinadarai na manne da gini, Pidilite. A halin yanzu, ana samar da nau'ikan fenti na Crown Silicone ƙarƙashin lasisi daga Wacker Chemie AG.

A wani wuri kuma, kamfanin mai na musamman na Akzo Nobel, wanda Crown Paints ke da yarjejeniyar samar da kayayyaki da shi, ya ce tallace-tallacensa a Afirka, kasuwar da ke cikin yankin Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya, ya nuna karuwar tallace-tallace na halitta da kashi 2% da kuma kudaden shiga na kashi 1% a kwata na uku na shekarar 2024. Kamfanin ya ce karuwar tallace-tallace na halitta ya samo asali ne daga "farashi mai kyau."

An bayar da rahoton irin wannan kyakkyawan hangen nesa daga PPG Industries, wanda ya ce "tallace-tallacen rufin gine-gine na shekara-shekara a Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka ba su da kyau, wanda hakan kyakkyawan yanayi ne bayan da aka samu raguwar da dama."

Wannan karuwar amfani da fenti da fenti a Afirka za a iya danganta shi da karuwar bukatar bunkasa ababen more rayuwa da ke da alaƙa da yanayin karuwar amfani da kayayyaki na masu zaman kansu, masana'antar kera motoci ta yankin da kuma karuwar ginin gidaje a kasashe kamar Kenya, Uganda da Masar.

Rahoton AfDB ya ce, "Bayan karuwar matsakaicin matsayi da kuma karuwar kashe kudaden amfani da gidaje, amfani da mutane masu zaman kansu a Afirka yana samar da damammaki masu mahimmanci ga ci gaban kayayyakin more rayuwa."

A gaskiya ma, bankin ya lura tsawon shekaru 10 da suka gabata cewa "kudaden da ake kashewa a Afirka na karuwa akai-akai, sakamakon dalilai kamar karuwar jama'a, karuwar birane, da kuma karuwar matsakaicin matsayi."

Bankin ya ce kashe kudaden da ake kashewa a fannin amfani da kayayyaki masu zaman kansu a Afirka ya karu daga dala biliyan 470 a shekarar 2010 zuwa sama da dala tiriliyan 1.4 a shekarar 2020, wanda hakan ke nuna karuwar bukatar kayayyakin more rayuwa, ciki har da hanyoyin sufuri, tsarin makamashi, sadarwa, da kuma wuraren tsaftar ruwa da tsafta.

Bugu da ƙari, gwamnatoci daban-daban a yankin suna haɓaka ajandar gidaje masu araha don cimma aƙalla gidaje miliyan 50 don magance ƙarancin gidaje a nahiyar. Wannan wataƙila ya bayyana ƙaruwar amfani da rufin gine-gine da na ado a shekarar 2024, wani yanayi da ake sa ran zai ci gaba a shekarar 2025 yayin da ake sa ran kammala yawancin ayyukan daga matsakaici zuwa dogon lokaci.

A halin yanzu, duk da cewa Afirka na sa ran shiga shekarar 2025 tana jin daɗin masana'antar kera motoci mai bunƙasa, har yanzu akwai rashin tabbas a kasuwar duniya da ke da alaƙa da raunin buƙatar duniya wanda ya lalata rabon nahiyar a kasuwar fitar da kayayyaki da kuma rashin daidaiton siyasa a ƙasashe kamar Sudan, Jamhuriyar Demokraɗiyyar Kongo (DRC) da Mozambique.

Misali, ana sa ran masana'antar kera motoci ta Ghana, wacce darajarta ta kai dala biliyan 4.6 a shekarar 2021, za ta kai dala biliyan 10.64 nan da shekarar 2027 a cewar wani rahoto da hukumar kula da yankin masana'antu na Dawa Industrial Zone ta fitar, wani yanki mai masana'antu da aka tsara da gangan a Ghana wanda aka yi niyya don daukar nauyin masana'antu masu sauki da nauyi iri-iri a sassa daban-daban.

Rahoton ya ce, "Wannan yanayin ci gaban ya nuna babban damar da Afirka ke da ita a matsayin kasuwar motoci."

"Ƙarin buƙatar motoci a cikin nahiyar, tare da yunƙurin dogaro da kai a fannin kera kayayyaki, ya buɗe sabbin hanyoyin saka hannun jari, haɗin gwiwar fasaha, da haɗin gwiwa da manyan kamfanonin kera motoci na duniya," in ji shi.

A Afirka ta Kudu, Majalisar Kasuwancin Motoci ta ƙasar (naamsa), wani mai fafutukar masana'antar kera motoci ta Afirka ta Kudu, ta ce samar da ababen hawa a ƙasar ya ƙaru da kashi 13.9%, daga raka'a 555,885 a shekarar 2022 zuwa raka'a 633,332 a shekarar 2023, "wanda ya zarce ƙaruwar da ake samu a duk shekara a fannin samar da ababen hawa a duniya da kashi 10.3% a shekarar 2023."

Cin Nasara Kan Kalubale

Ayyukan tattalin arzikin Afirka a sabuwar shekara zai dogara ne akan yadda gwamnatoci a nahiyar za su magance wasu ƙalubalen da kuma waɗanda za su iya shafar kasuwar rufe fuska ta nahiyar kai tsaye ko a kaikaice.

Misali, yakin basasar da ke faruwa a Sudan yana ci gaba da lalata muhimman ababen more rayuwa kamar sufuri, gine-ginen gidaje da na kasuwanci, kuma idan babu kwanciyar hankali na siyasa, ayyukan da masu kwangilar rufe gidaje ke yi da kuma kula da kadarorin ya zama abin da ba zai yiwu ba.

Duk da cewa lalata kayayyakin more rayuwa zai haifar da damar kasuwanci ga masana'antun da masu samar da kayan rufi a lokacin sake ginawa, tasirin yakin zai iya zama bala'i a matsakaici zuwa na dogon lokaci.

"Tasirin rikicin kan tattalin arzikin Sudan ya yi zurfi fiye da yadda aka yi hasashe a baya, inda raguwar yawan amfanin ƙasa ya ƙaru fiye da sau uku zuwa kashi 37.5 cikin 100 a shekarar 2023, daga kashi 12.3 cikin 100 a watan Janairun 2024," in ji AfDB.

"Rikicin yana kuma da mummunan tasiri ga yaduwar cutar, musamman a makwabciyar Sudan ta Kudu, wacce ta dogara sosai kan bututun mai da matatun mai na baya, da kuma kayayyakin more rayuwa na tashar jiragen ruwa don fitar da mai," in ji shi.

Rikicin, a cewar AfDB, ya haifar da mummunar barna ga muhimman karfin masana'antu da kuma manyan kayayyakin more rayuwa da hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki, wanda ya haifar da cikas ga cinikayyar waje da fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje.

Bashin da ake bin Afirka yana barazana ga ikon gwamnatocin yankin na kashe kuɗi kan manyan fannoni kamar masana'antar gine-gine.

Bankin ya kara da cewa, "A mafi yawan kasashen Afirka, farashin biyan basussuka ya karu, wanda hakan ya sanya matsin lamba ga harkokin kudi na gwamnati, tare da takaita damar da gwamnati ke da ita na kashe kudaden samar da ababen more rayuwa da kuma zuba jari a fannin jarin dan adam, wanda hakan ke ci gaba da sanya nahiyar cikin mummunan yanayi wanda ke tarko Afirka a cikin mawuyacin hali na rashin ci gaba," in ji bankin.

Ga kasuwar Afirka ta Kudu, Sapma da membobinta dole ne su yi shiri don samun tsarin tattalin arziki mai tsauri yayin da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, karancin makamashi, da matsalolin sufuri ke haifar da cikas ga sassan masana'antu da ma'adinai na ƙasar.

Duk da haka, tare da hasashen karuwar tattalin arzikin Afirka da kuma hasashen karuwar kashe kudaden jari daga gwamnatoci a yankin, kasuwar rufe fuska ta nahiyar na iya samun ci gaba a shekarar 2025 da kuma bayan haka.