Kasuwar Tufafi na Afirka: Damar Sabuwar Shekara da Matsaloli

Ana sa ran tattalin arzikin Afirka zai dan samu ci gaba a shekarar 2024 inda gwamnatoci a nahiyar ke sa ran za a kara fadada tattalin arziki a shekarar 2025. Hakan zai ba da damar farfado da ayyukan more rayuwa, musamman a fannin sufuri, makamashi da gidaje, wadanda galibi ke da alaka da karuwar amfani da nau'ikan sutura iri-iri.

Wani sabon hasashen tattalin arziki ga Afirka na bankin raya Afirka na yankin (AfDB) ya yi hasashen tattalin arzikin nahiyar zai karu zuwa kashi 3.7% a shekarar 2024 da kashi 4.3% a shekarar 2025.

Rahoton na AfDB ya ce, "An yi hasashen sake farfado da matsakaicin ci gaban Afirka zai kasance ne karkashin jagorancin Gabashin Afirka (da maki 3.4) da Kudancin Afirka da Afirka ta Yamma (kowace ta tashi da kashi 0.6 cikin dari)," in ji rahoton na AfDB.

Bankin ya kara da cewa akalla kasashen Afirka 40 "za su kara samun ci gaba a shekarar 2024 dangane da shekarar 2023, kuma adadin kasashen da ke da sama da kashi 5 cikin dari zai karu zuwa 17."

Ana sa ran wannan ci gaban da ake sa ran zai samu, ko da yake karami, zai taimaka wa yunkurin Afirka na rage nauyin basussukan da ke waje, da bunkasa ayyukan samar da ababen more rayuwa da ake ci gaba da samun jinkiri, musamman gidaje masu sauki, tituna, layin dogo, da kuma cibiyoyin ilimi da za su dauki nauyin dalibai masu tasowa cikin sauri.

Ayyukan Kayan Aiki

Ana ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukan samar da ababen more rayuwa da dama a cikin kasashen Afirka da dama duk da cewa shekarar 2024 ta zo karshe tare da wasu daga cikin masu samar da sutura a yankin sun ba da rahoton karuwar kudaden shiga na tallace-tallace na kashi na farko, na biyu, da na uku na shekara sakamakon kyakkyawan aiki na sassan masana'antu irin su masana'antar kera motoci da kuma karin saka hannun jari a bangaren gidaje.

Misali, daya daga cikin manyan masana'antar fenti a gabashin Afirka, kamfanin Crown Paints (Kenya) PLC da aka kafa a shekarar 1958, ya samu karuwar kashi 10% na kudaden shiga na rabin shekarar farko da ya kare a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2024 zuwa dalar Amurka miliyan 47.6 idan aka kwatanta da dalar Amurka miliyan 43 na bara.

Ribar da kamfanin ya samu kafin haraji ya tsaya a dalar Amurka miliyan 1.1 idan aka kwatanta da dalar Amurka 568,700 na tsawon lokacin da ya kare a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2023, karuwar da aka danganta ga “ci gaban adadin tallace-tallace.”

Conrad Nyikuri, sakataren kamfanin Crown Paints ya ce "Haka zalika, an samu karuwar riba gaba daya ta hanyar karfafa shilling na Kenya bisa manyan kudaden duniya a lokacin da ya kare a ranar 30 ga watan Yuni, 2024 kuma farashin musanya mai kyau ya tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali a farashin danyen da aka shigo da su," in ji Conrad Nyikuri, sakataren kamfanin Crown Paints.

Kyakkyawan aikin da Crown Paints ya yi yana da tasiri kan samar da wasu kayayyaki daga 'yan kasuwar duniya waɗanda kamfanin ke rarraba kayayyakinsu a Gabashin Afirka.

Baya ga nasa kewayon fenti na kera motoci waɗanda ke samuwa a ƙarƙashin nasa Motocryl don kasuwa na yau da kullun, Crown Paints kuma yana ba da alamar Duco da samfuran manyan samfuran duniya daga Nexa Autocolour (PPG) da Duxone (Axalta Coating Systems) da kuma manyan kamfanonin sinadarai da gini, Pidilite. A halin yanzu, ana samar da kewayon fenti na Crown Silicone ƙarƙashin lasisi daga Wacker Chemie AG.

A wani wuri kuma, ƙwararrun masana'antar mai, iskar gas da marine ɗin Akzo Nobel, wanda Crown Paints ke da yarjejeniyar samar da kayayyaki, ya ce tallace-tallacen sa a Afirka, kasuwar da ke cikin yankin Turai, yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya, ya ƙaddamar da karuwar tallace-tallace na 2% da kudaden shiga na 1% na kwata na uku na 2024. Ci gaban tallace-tallace na Organic, kamfanin ya ce an fi mayar da shi ta hanyar "farashi mai kyau."

Masana'antu na PPG sun ba da rahoton irin wannan kyakkyawar hangen nesa, wanda ya ce "sayar da siyar da kwayoyin halitta na shekara-shekara don kayan gine-ginen Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka ba su da kyau, wanda ke da kyakkyawan yanayin bayan rubu'i da yawa na raguwa."

Wannan karuwar amfani da fenti da fenti a Afirka ana iya danganta shi da karuwar bukatar samar da ababen more rayuwa da ke da nasaba da yadda ake samun karuwar amfani da masu zaman kansu, da masana'antar kera motoci masu juriya a yankin da karuwar gine-gine a kasashe kamar Kenya, Uganda da Masar.

Rahoton na AfDB ya ce, "A bayan karuwar masu matsakaicin girma da kuma kara yawan kudaden da ake kashewa a gida, amfani da masu zaman kansu a Afirka yana ba da damammaki masu yawa don bunkasa ababen more rayuwa."

A gaskiya ma, bankin ya lura cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata "kudaden amfani da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a Afirka na karuwa akai-akai, saboda dalilai kamar haɓakar yawan jama'a, haɓaka birane, da haɓakar matsakaicin matsakaici."

Bankin ya ce kashe kudade masu zaman kansu a Afirka ya karu daga dala biliyan 470 a shekarar 2010 zuwa sama da dala tiriliyan 1.4 a shekarar 2020, wanda ke wakiltar babban fadadawa wanda ya haifar da “kara yawan bukatar ingantattun ababen more rayuwa, gami da hanyoyin sufuri, tsarin makamashi, sadarwa, da ruwa da wuraren tsafta.”

Bugu da kari, gwamnatoci daban-daban a yankin na inganta tsarin samar da gidaje masu rahusa don cimma akalla gidaje miliyan 50 don magance karancin abinci a nahiyar. Wataƙila wannan yana bayyana karuwar amfani da kayan gine-gine da kayan ado a cikin 2024, yanayin da ake tsammanin zai ci gaba a cikin 2025 yayin da ake tsammanin kammala yawancin ayyukan a matsakaici zuwa dogon lokaci.

A halin da ake ciki, ko da yake Afirka na fatan shiga cikin 2025 don jin daɗin bunƙasa masana'antar kera motoci, har yanzu akwai rashin tabbas a kasuwannin duniya da ke da alaƙa da ƙarancin buƙatun duniya wanda ya lalata kason Nahiyar a kasuwannin fitar da kayayyaki da kuma rashin kwanciyar hankali a siyasance a ƙasashe irin su Sudan, Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kongo (DRC) da Mozambique.

Misali, masana'antar kera motoci ta Ghana, wacce darajarsu ta kai dalar Amurka biliyan 4.6 a shekarar 2021, ana sa ran za ta kai dalar Amurka biliyan 10.64 nan da shekarar 2027 a cewar wani rahoto da hukumar kula da shiyyar masana'antu ta Dawa, cibiyar masana'antu da aka kera da gangan a Ghana da nufin daukar nauyin masana'antu masu haske da nauyi a bangarori daban-daban.

Rahoton ya ce "Wannan yanayin ci gaban ya nuna babbar damar da Afirka ke da shi a matsayin kasuwar kera motoci," in ji rahoton.

Ya kara da cewa, "Ƙarin buƙatun motoci a cikin nahiyar, tare da yunƙurin zama masu dogaro da kai a masana'antu, yana buɗe sabbin hanyoyin saka hannun jari, haɗin gwiwar fasaha, da haɗin gwiwa tare da manyan motocin kera motoci na duniya," in ji shi.

A Afirka ta Kudu, Majalisar Kasuwancin Kera motoci ta kasar (naamsa), wata harabar masana'antar kera motoci ta Afirka ta Kudu, ta ce samar da ababen hawa a kasar ya karu da kashi 13.9%, daga raka'a 555,885 a shekarar 2022 zuwa raka'a 633,332 a shekarar 2023, "ya zarce yawan karuwar abin hawa a duniya a duk shekara a cikin kashi 10 cikin 100 a duniya."

Magance Kalubale

Ayyukan tattalin arzikin Afirka a cikin sabuwar shekara zai dogara ne kan yadda gwamnatoci a nahiyar ke tunkarar wasu kalubalen da kuma za su iya yin tasiri kai tsaye ko a kaikaice kasuwar lullube nahiyar.

Misali, yakin basasar da ake gwabzawa a Sudan yana ci gaba da lalata muhimman ababen more rayuwa kamar sufuri, gine-ginen gidaje da na kasuwanci kuma ba tare da kwanciyar hankali ta siyasa ba, ayyuka da kula da kadarorin da 'yan kwangilar ke yi ya zama ba zai yiwu ba.

Yayin da lalata abubuwan more rayuwa zai haifar da damar kasuwanci ga masana'antun masana'anta da masu ba da kaya a lokacin sake ginawa, tasirin yaƙi akan tattalin arziƙin na iya zama bala'i a cikin matsakaici zuwa dogon lokaci.

AfDB ya ce, "Tasirin rikicin kan tattalin arzikin Sudan ya yi zurfi fiye da yadda aka kiyasta a baya, tare da raguwar fitar da kayayyaki ya karu fiye da sau uku zuwa kashi 37.5 a shekarar 2023, daga kashi 12.3 cikin 100 a watan Janairun 2024," in ji AfDB.

Ya kara da cewa, "Rikicin yana kuma yin tasiri matuka, musamman a makwabciyarta Sudan ta Kudu, wanda ya dogara kacokan kan bututun mai da matatun mai na farko, da kuma kayayyakin more rayuwa na tashar jiragen ruwa don fitar da mai," in ji ta.

Rikicin, a cewar AfDB, ya haifar da barna mai yawa ga mahimmin ƙarfin masana'antu da kuma manyan abubuwan more rayuwa na dabaru da sarƙoƙi, wanda ya haifar da cikas ga harkokin kasuwanci da fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ketare.

Har ila yau, bashin da ake bin Afirka na yin barazana ga karfin gwamnatocin yankin na kashe kudade wajen yin amfani da suturar da ake amfani da su a fannonin da suka shafi gine-gine.

Bankin ya kara da cewa, "A galibin kasashen Afirka, farashin biyan basussuka ya karu, da tabarbarewar kudaden jama'a, da kuma takaita yadda gwamnati ke kashe kudaden kayayyakin more rayuwa da zuba jari a jarin bil Adama, wanda ke kula da nahiyar a cikin wani mummunan yanayi da ya dabaibaye Afirka cikin karancin ci gaban tattalin arziki."

Ga kasuwannin Afirka ta Kudu, Sapma da membobinta dole ne su jajirce wajen samar da tsauraran tsarin tattalin arziki saboda hauhawar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, karancin makamashi, da matsalolin kayan aiki suna haifar da cikas ga ci gaban masana'antu da ma'adinai na kasar.

Ko da yake, tare da hasashen karuwar tattalin arzikin Afirka da kuma karuwar kashe kudade da gwamnatocin yankin ke yi, kasuwar lullubin nahiyar za ta iya kawo ci gaba a shekarar 2025 da kuma bayan haka.