Tururin Mercury, diode mai fitar da haske (LED), da excimer sune fasahohin fitilar UV daban-daban. Yayin da ake amfani da dukkan ukun a cikin matakai daban-daban na photopolymerization don ƙetare tawada, sutura, adhesives, da extrusions, hanyoyin da ke samar da makamashin UV mai haskakawa, da kuma halayen fitowar da suka dace, sun bambanta sosai. Fahimtar waɗannan bambance-bambancen kayan aiki ne a cikin aikace-aikace da haɓaka ƙira, zaɓin tushen UV, da haɗin kai.
Mercury Vapor Lamps
Dukansu fitilun baka na lantarki da fitilun microwave marasa-ƙasa sun faɗi cikin nau'in tururin mercury. Fitilar tururin Mercury nau'in matsakaicin matsa lamba ne, fitilun masu fitar da iskar gas wanda ƙaramin adadin mercury na elemental da iskar gas ke turɓaya zuwa cikin plasma a cikin bututun quartz da aka rufe. Plasma iskar gas ce mai tsananin zafi mai tsananin zafi wacce ke iya sarrafa wutar lantarki. Ana samar da ita ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki tsakanin na'urorin lantarki guda biyu a cikin fitilun baka ko ta hanyar microwaving wata fitilar da ba ta da wutar lantarki a cikin wani shinge ko rami mai kama da ra'ayi zuwa tanda microwave na gida. Da zarar tururi, plasma na mercury yana fitar da haske mai faɗi a cikin ultraviolet, bayyane, da tsayin infrared.
A cikin yanayin fitilar baka na lantarki, ƙarfin lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi yana ƙarfafa bututun quartz da aka rufe. Wannan makamashi yana turɓaya mercury zuwa cikin plasma kuma yana fitar da electrons daga turɓayar atom. Wani yanki na electrons (-) yana gudana zuwa ga fitilar ingantacciyar wutar lantarki ta tungsten ko anode (+) da kuma cikin tsarin lantarki na UV. Atom ɗin da ke da sabbin na'urorin lantarki da suka ɓace sun zama cations masu ƙarfin gaske (+) waɗanda ke gudana zuwa ga fitilun tungsten da aka caji mara kyau ko cathode (-). Yayin da suke motsawa, cations suna buga atom ɗin tsaka tsaki a cikin cakuda gas. Tasirin yana canja wurin lantarki daga atom ɗin tsaka tsaki zuwa cations. Yayin da cations ke samun electrons, suna faɗuwa cikin yanayin ƙarancin kuzari. Ana fitar da bambancin makamashi azaman photons waɗanda ke haskaka waje daga bututun quartz. Matukar dai fitilar ta kasance mai ƙarfi, sanyaya daidai, kuma ana sarrafa ta cikin rayuwarta mai amfani, ci gaba da samar da sabbin cations da aka ƙirƙira (+) zuwa ga gurɓataccen lantarki ko cathode (-), yana ɗaukar ƙarin atom da samar da ci gaba da fitar da hasken UV. Fitilolin Microwave suna aiki iri ɗaya sai dai microwaves, wanda kuma aka sani da mitar rediyo (RF), maye gurbin lantarki. Tunda fitilun microwave ba su da na'urorin lantarki na tungsten kuma kawai bututun ma'adini ne da aka rufe da ke ɗauke da mercury da iskar gas, ana kiran su da maras lantarki.
Fitowar UV na fitilolin buɗaɗɗiya ko faffadan bakan mercury tururin fitulun ultraviolet, bayyane, da tsayin raƙuman infrared, a kusan daidai gwargwado. Sashin ultraviolet ya haɗa da haɗin UVC (200 zuwa 280 nm), UVB (280 zuwa 315 nm), UVA (315 zuwa 400 nm), da UVV (400 zuwa 450 nm) tsayin raƙuman ruwa. Fitillun da ke fitar da UVC a cikin tsawon tsayin da ke ƙasa 240 nm suna haifar da ozone kuma suna buƙatar shaye-shaye ko tacewa.
Za'a iya canza yanayin fitowar fitilun tururin mercury ta ƙara ƙaramin adadin dopants, kamar: baƙin ƙarfe (Fe), gallium (Ga), gubar (Pb), tin (Sn), bismuth (Bi), ko indium (India) ). Karafan da aka ƙara suna canza abun da ke cikin plasma kuma, saboda haka, ƙarfin da ake fitarwa lokacin da cations suka sami electrons. Fitilolin da aka kara karafa ana kiransu da doped, additive, da halide karfe. Yawancin tawada da aka ƙirƙira UV, sutura, adhesives, da extrusions an ƙera su don dacewa da fitarwa na daidaitattun fitilun mercury- (Hg) ko iron- (Fe). Fitillun da aka yi amfani da ƙarfe na ƙarfe suna canza wani ɓangare na fitowar UV zuwa tsayi, tsayin raƙuman da ake iya gani, wanda ke haifar da mafi kyawun shiga ta hanyar kauri, ƙirar ƙira mai launi. Ƙirƙirar UV masu ɗauke da titanium dioxide sun fi dacewa da kyau tare da gallium (GA-doped fitilu. Wannan saboda fitulun gallium suna matsawa wani yanki mai mahimmanci na fitowar UV zuwa tsayin tsayi fiye da 380 nm. Tunda abubuwan da ake ƙara titanium dioxide gabaɗaya ba sa ɗaukar haske sama da 380 nm, yin amfani da fitilun gallium tare da farar tsari yana ba da damar ƙarin kuzarin UV ta hanyar photoinitiators sabanin ƙari.
Bayanan martaba suna ba da masu ƙira da masu amfani da ƙarshe tare da wakilcin gani na yadda ake rarraba fitowar fitarwa don takamaiman ƙirar fitila a cikin bakan na'urar lantarki. Duk da yake vaporized mercury da ƙari karafa sun ayyana halaye na radiation, daidaitaccen cakuda abubuwa da iskar gas a cikin bututun ma'adini tare da ginin fitila da tsarin ƙirar ƙirar duk suna tasiri fitarwar UV. Fitilar fitilun da ba a haɗa ta ba da aka auna ta mai samar da fitilar a cikin iska mai buɗewa zai sami fitowar siffa daban-daban fiye da fitilar da aka ɗora a cikin kan fitilar tare da ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙira da sanyaya. Bayanan martaba suna samuwa cikin sauƙi daga masu samar da tsarin UV, kuma suna da amfani wajen haɓaka ƙira da zaɓin fitila.
Bayanan martaba na gama-gari yana yin ƙirƙira baƙar fata akan y-axis da tsayin raƙuman ruwa akan axis x. Za'a iya nuna rashin haske ta hanyoyi da yawa ciki har da cikakkiyar ƙima (misali W/cm2/nm) ko na sabani, dangi, ko daidaitacce (ƙasa-ƙasa). Bayanan martaba suna nuna bayanan azaman ko dai taswirar layi ko azaman ginshiƙi wanda ƙungiyoyi ke fitarwa zuwa makada 10 nm. Hoton fitowar fitilun mercury mai zuwa yana nuna rashin haske game da tsayin daka don tsarin GEW (Hoto 1).
HOTO NA 1 »Siffofin fitarwa na Spectral don mercury da baƙin ƙarfe.
Fitila ita ce kalmar da ake amfani da ita don komawa zuwa bututun quartz UV a Turai da Asiya, yayin da Amurkawa ta Arewa da Kudancin Amurka sukan yi amfani da cakuɗen kwan fitila da fitila. Fitila da shugaban fitila duka suna nufin cikakken taron da ke dauke da bututun quartz da duk sauran kayan aikin injiniya da lantarki.
Electrode Arc Lamps
Tsarin fitulun baka na lantarki sun ƙunshi shugaban fitila, mai sanyaya fanko ko chiller, samar da wutar lantarki, da na'ura mai sarrafa na'ura (HMI). Kan fitilar ya haɗa da fitila (bulb), mai nuna haske, murhun ƙarfe ko gidaje, taron rufewa, da kuma wani lokacin taga quartz ko mai gadin waya. GEW yana hawa bututunsa na quartz, na'urori masu haske, da na'urorin rufewa a cikin majalissar kaset waɗanda za'a iya cire su cikin sauƙi daga kwandon fitilar waje ko gidaje. Cire kaset na GEW yawanci ana cika shi a cikin daƙiƙa ta amfani da maƙallan Allen guda ɗaya. Saboda fitowar UV, girman kai da siffa gabaɗaya, fasalin tsarin, da buƙatun kayan aiki sun bambanta ta aikace-aikace da kasuwa, tsarin fitilun wutar lantarki gabaɗaya an tsara su don wani nau'in aikace-aikace ko nau'ikan injin iri ɗaya.
Fitilar tururin Mercury suna fitar da haske 360 ° daga bututun quartz. Tsarin fitilun Arc suna amfani da na'urori masu nuni da ke gefe da bayan fitilar don ɗauka da mayar da hankali ga ƙarin haske zuwa takamaiman nisa a gaban kan fitilar. An san wannan nisa a matsayin mayar da hankali kuma shine inda rashin haske ya fi girma. Fitilolin Arc galibi suna fitarwa a cikin kewayon 5 zuwa 12 W/cm2 a wurin mayar da hankali. Tun da kusan kashi 70% na fitowar UV daga kan fitilar fitilar ta fito ne daga mai haskakawa, yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye tsabtataccen haske da maye gurbin su lokaci-lokaci. Rashin tsaftacewa ko maye gurbin na'urori masu nunin faifai abu ne na kowa don rashin isassun magani.
Fiye da shekaru 30, GEW yana inganta ingantaccen tsarin warkarwa, gyare-gyaren fasali da fitarwa don saduwa da bukatun takamaiman aikace-aikace da kasuwanni, da haɓaka babban fayil na kayan haɗin kai. Sakamakon haka, hadayun kasuwanci na yau daga GEW sun haɗa da ƙirar gidaje masu ƙaƙƙarfan ƙira, masu haskakawa waɗanda aka inganta don mafi girman tunani na UV da rage infrared, ingantattun hanyoyin rufewa, siket ɗin yanar gizo da ramummuka, ciyarwar yanar gizo mai harsashi, haɓakar nitrogen, madaidaiciyar kawunan matsi, allon taɓawa. dubawar mai aiki, samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi, mafi girman ingantaccen aiki, saka idanu na UV, da sa ido akan tsarin nesa.
Lokacin da fitilun lantarki masu matsakaicin matsa lamba ke gudana, zafin saman ma'adini yana tsakanin 600 ° C da 800 ° C, kuma zafin plasma na ciki yana da digiri dubu da yawa. Iskar tilas ita ce hanyar farko ta kiyaye madaidaicin zazzabi mai aiki da fitila da kuma cire wasu makamashin infrared mai haskakawa. GEW yana ba da wannan iska mara kyau; Wannan yana nufin ana jan iska ta cikin rumbun, tare da abin haskakawa da fitila, kuma a ƙare taron kuma a nisantar da injin ko saman warkewa. Wasu tsarin GEW kamar E4C suna amfani da sanyaya ruwa, wanda ke ba da damar fitowar UV kaɗan kaɗan kuma yana rage girman girman fitilar gabaɗaya.
Fitillun baka na Electrode suna da yanayin zafi da sanyi. Ana buga fitilu da ƙarancin sanyaya. Wannan yana bawa plasma mercury damar tashi zuwa yanayin aiki da ake so, samar da electrons da cations kyauta, kuma yana ba da damar gudana a halin yanzu. Lokacin da aka kashe kan fitilar, sanyaya yana ci gaba da gudana na ƴan mintuna don kwantar da bututun quartz daidai. Fitilar da ta yi zafi sosai ba za ta sake bugewa ba kuma dole ne ta ci gaba da yin sanyi. Tsawon zagayowar farawa da sanyin sanyi, da kuma lalata na'urorin lantarki yayin kowane yajin wutar lantarki shine dalilin da ya sa ake haɗa hanyoyin rufe pneumatic a cikin majalissar fitilun GEW electrode arc. Hoto na 2 yana nuna sanyayawar iska (E2C) da fitilu masu sanyaya ruwa (E4C).
HOTO NA 2 »Mai sanyaya ruwa (E4C) da fitilu masu sanyaya iska (E2C).
UV LED fitilu
Semi-conductors ne m, crystalline kayan da suke da ɗan conductive. Wutar lantarki yana gudana ta hanyar semi-conductor fiye da insulator, amma ba kamar madubin ƙarfe ba. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a zahiri amma waɗanda ba su da inganci sun haɗa da abubuwan silicon, germanium, da selenium. Ƙirƙirar Semi-conductors waɗanda aka ƙera don fitarwa da inganci kayan aiki ne masu haɗaka tare da ƙazanta daidai gwargwado a cikin tsarin crystal. A cikin yanayin LEDs UV, aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) abu ne da aka saba amfani dashi.
Semi-conductors suna da mahimmanci ga na'urorin lantarki na zamani kuma an ƙirƙira su don samar da transistor, diodes, diodes masu fitar da haske, da micro-processors. An haɗa na'urorin da ke da na'ura mai sarrafa kai cikin na'urorin lantarki kuma ana sanya su a cikin samfuran kamar wayoyin hannu, kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, kwamfutar hannu, kayan lantarki, jiragen sama, motoci, masu sarrafa nesa, har ma da kayan wasan yara. Waɗannan ƙananan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa amma masu ƙarfi suna sa samfuran yau da kullun su yi aiki yayin da suke ba da damar abubuwa su zama ƙanƙanta, ƙaranci, nauyi mai sauƙi, da ƙari mai araha.
A cikin yanayi na musamman na LEDs, ƙayyadaddun ƙirƙira da ƙirƙira kayan daɗaɗɗen madugu suna fitar da ƙananan igiyoyin haske masu kunkuntar lokacin da aka haɗa su da tushen wutar lantarki na DC. Ana samar da hasken ne kawai lokacin da halin yanzu ke gudana daga tabbataccen anode (+) zuwa korau cathode (-) na kowane LED. Tun da fitarwa na LED yana da sauri da sauƙi sarrafawa kuma yana da monochromatic, LEDs sun dace don amfani da su kamar: fitilu masu nuna alama; siginar sadarwa ta infrared; hasken baya don TV, kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, kwamfutar hannu, da wayoyi masu wayo; alamun lantarki, allunan talla, da jumbotrons; da UV curing.
LED shine madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin (pn junction). Wannan yana nufin cewa ɗayan ɓangaren LED yana da caji mai kyau kuma ana kiransa anode (+), ɗayan kuma yana da caji mara kyau kuma ana kiransa cathode (-). Yayin da dukkan bangarorin biyu ke tafiyar da aikin, iyakar mahadar inda bangarorin biyu ke haduwa, wanda aka fi sani da yankin tsautsayi, ba ya aiki. Lokacin da aka haɗa madaidaicin (+) tashar wutar lantarki kai tsaye (DC) zuwa anode (+) na LED, kuma an haɗa madaidaicin (-) tashar tushen zuwa cathode (-), masu cajin wutar lantarki mara kyau. a cikin cathode kuma tabbataccen cajin guraben lantarki a cikin anode ana korar su ta hanyar tushen wutar lantarki kuma ana tura su zuwa yankin raguwa. Wannan son zuciya ne na gaba, kuma yana da tasirin shawo kan iyakar da ba ta da iko. Sakamakon shi ne cewa electrons kyauta a cikin nau'in n-nau'in sun haye kuma su cika guraben aiki a yankin nau'in p. Yayin da electrons ke gudana a kan iyaka, suna canzawa zuwa yanayin ƙananan makamashi. Ana fitar da raguwar makamashi daban-daban daga na'ura mai sarrafawa azaman photons na haske.
Kayayyakin da dopants waɗanda ke samar da tsarin LED na crystalline suna ƙayyade fitarwa na bakan. A yau, hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki na LED na kasuwanci suna da abubuwan fitowar ultraviolet a tsakiya a 365, 385, 395, da 405 nm, juriya na yau da kullun na ± 5 nm, da rarrabawar gani na Gaussian. Mafi girman ƙoƙon haske mai haske (W/cm2/nm), mafi girman kololuwar lanƙwan kararrawa. Yayin da ci gaban UVC ke gudana tsakanin 275 da 285 nm, fitarwa, rayuwa, aminci, da farashi har yanzu ba su da ikon kasuwanci don tsarin warkewa da aikace-aikace.
Tunda fitowar UV-LED a halin yanzu yana iyakance ga tsayin raƙuman UVA, tsarin warkarwa na UV-LED baya fitar da sifofin fitilun fitilun mercury mai matsakaicin matsa lamba. Wannan yana nufin cewa tsarin warkarwa na UV-LED ba sa fitar da UVC, UVB, mafi yawan hasken da ake iya gani, da tsayin raƙuman infrared mai haifar da zafi. Duk da yake wannan yana ba da damar amfani da tsarin warkarwa na UV-LED a cikin ƙarin aikace-aikacen zafin zafi, inks ɗin da ke akwai, sutura, da adhesives waɗanda aka tsara don fitilun mercury matsakaicin matsa lamba dole ne a sake fasalin tsarin kula da UV-LED. Abin farin ciki, masu samar da sinadarai suna ƙara ƙirƙira kyauta a matsayin magani biyu. Wannan yana nufin cewa tsarin da aka yi niyya don warkewa da fitilar UV-LED shima zai warke da fitilar tururin mercury (Hoto 3).
HOTO NA 3 »Tsarin fitarwa na Spectral don LED.
GEW's UV-LED tsarin warkarwa yana fitar da har zuwa 30 W/cm2 a taga mai fitarwa. Ba kamar fitilun arc na lantarki ba, tsarin warkarwa na UV-LED ba sa haɗa masu haskakawa waɗanda ke jagorantar hasken haske zuwa mai da hankali sosai. A sakamakon haka, UV-LED kololuwar haske yana faruwa kusa da taga mai fitarwa. Fitilar UV-LED da aka fitar suna bambanta da juna yayin da nisa tsakanin kan fitilar da saman magani ke ƙaruwa. Wannan yana rage ƙarfin haske da girman rashin haske wanda ya isa wurin magani. Yayin da kololuwar rashin haske yana da mahimmanci don haɗin kai, ƙarar haske mai girma ba koyaushe yana da fa'ida ba kuma yana iya hana haɓakar haɗin kai. Tsawon tsayi (nm), irradiance (W/cm2) da yawan kuzari (J/cm2) duk suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen warkarwa, kuma ya kamata a fahimci tasirinsu na gama gari da kyau yayin zaɓin tushen UV-LED.
LEDs sune tushen Lambertian. A takaice dai, kowane UV LED yana fitar da fitarwa iri ɗaya gaba a cikin cikakken 360° x 180° hemisphere. LEDs UV da yawa, kowanne akan tsari na murabba'in milimita, an shirya su a jere ɗaya, matrix na layuka da ginshiƙai, ko wani tsari. Waɗannan ƙananan ɗakunan, waɗanda aka sani da kayayyaki ko tsararru, an ƙera su tare da tazara tsakanin LEDs waɗanda ke tabbatar da haɗawa cikin giɓi da sauƙaƙe sanyaya diode. Sannan ana shirya na'urori masu yawa ko tsararru a cikin manyan majalisai don samar da nau'ikan tsarin warkarwa na UV (Hoto na 4 da 5). Ƙarin abubuwan da ake buƙata don gina tsarin warkarwa na UV-LED sun haɗa da matattarar zafi, taga mai fitarwa, direbobin lantarki, kayan wutar lantarki na DC, tsarin sanyaya ruwa ko chiller, da na'urar injin ɗan adam (HMI).
HOTO NA 4 »Tsarin LeoLED don gidan yanar gizo.
HOTO NA 5 »LeoLED tsarin don babban-gudun Multi-fitila shigarwa.
Tun da UV-LED tsarin warkarwa ba sa haskaka tsawon infrared. A zahiri suna canja wurin ƙarancin kuzari zuwa farfajiyar warkewa fiye da fitilun mercury, amma wannan baya nufin LEDs UV ya kamata a ɗauke su azaman fasahar warkarwa mai sanyi. Tsarin warkarwa na UV-LED na iya fitar da iska mai ƙarfi sosai, kuma tsayin ultraviolet wani nau'i ne na makamashi. Duk wani nau'i na kayan aiki da ilimin kimiyyar ba ya ɗaukar shi zai ɗora sashin da ke ƙasa ko kuma abin da ke kewaye da na'ura.
UV LEDs suma kayan aikin lantarki ne tare da rashin inganci waɗanda ke haifar da ƙarancin ƙira da ƙirƙira da ƙirar ƙira da hanyoyin masana'anta da abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su don haɗa LEDs a cikin babban sashin warkarwa. Yayin da zazzabi na mercury vapor quartz tube dole ne a riƙe tsakanin 600 zuwa 800 °C yayin aiki, LED pn junction zafin jiki dole ne ya kasance ƙasa da 120 ° C. Kashi 35-50% kawai na wutar lantarki da ke ba da wutar lantarki ta UV-LED an canza shi zuwa fitarwar ultraviolet (dangane da tsayin tsayi sosai). Sauran an canza su zuwa zafi mai zafi wanda dole ne a cire shi don kiyaye yanayin da ake so da kuma tabbatar da ƙayyadadden rashin haske na tsarin, yawan makamashi, da daidaituwa, da kuma tsawon rai. LEDs sune na'urori masu ƙarfi masu ƙarfi na zahiri, kuma haɗa LEDs zuwa manyan majalisai tare da tsarin sanyaya da aka tsara da kyau da kiyaye yana da mahimmanci don cimma ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun rayuwa. Ba duk tsarin maganin UV iri ɗaya bane, kuma tsarin da ba daidai ba da aka tsara da sanyaya tsarin warkarwa na UV-LED yana da yuwuwar wuce gona da iri da kasawa cikin bala'i.
Arc/LED Hybrid Lamps
A kowace kasuwa da aka gabatar da sabuwar fasaha a matsayin maye gurbin fasahar data kasance, za a iya samun fargaba game da karɓowa da kuma shakku kan aikin. Mai yuwuwar masu amfani galibi suna jinkirin karɓowa har sai ingantattun nau'ikan tushe na shigarwa, ana buga nazarin shari'o'i, tabbataccen shaida sun fara yawo cikin taro, da/ko sun sami gogewa ta farko ko nassoshi daga daidaikun mutane da kamfanonin da suka sani kuma suka dogara. Ana buƙatar shaida mai wuya sau da yawa kafin duk kasuwa ta daina barin tsohuwar da cikakkiyar canzawa zuwa sabon. Ba ya taimaka cewa labarun nasara sun kasance suna riƙe sirrin sirri kamar yadda masu karɓar farko ba sa son masu fafatawa su fahimci fa'idodi masu kama da juna. Sakamakon haka, tatsuniyoyi na gaskiya da ƙari na rashin jin daɗi a wasu lokuta na iya sake bayyana ko'ina cikin kasuwa suna ɗaukar haƙiƙanin cancantar sabuwar fasaha da kuma ƙara jinkirta ɗauka.
A cikin tarihi, kuma a matsayin maƙasudin ɗorewa, ƙira iri-iri ana yawan karɓe su azaman gada mai tsaka-tsaki tsakanin mai ci da sabuwar fasaha. Haɓaka suna ƙyale masu amfani su sami kwarin gwiwa da tantancewa kansu yadda da lokacin da ya kamata a yi amfani da sabbin samfura ko hanyoyin, ba tare da sadaukar da iyawar yanzu ba. A cikin yanayin warkar da UV, tsarin haɗin gwiwar yana ba masu amfani damar musanyawa cikin sauri da sauƙi tsakanin fitilun tururin mercury da fasahar LED. Don layukan da ke da tashoshin warkewa da yawa, hybrids suna ba da damar latsa don gudanar da LED 100%, tururin mercury 100%, ko duk wani haɗin fasahar biyu da ake buƙata don aikin da aka bayar.
GEW yana ba da tsarin arc / LED matasan don masu sauya gidan yanar gizo. An samar da maganin don babbar kasuwa ta GEW, alamar kunkuntar yanar gizo, amma ƙirar ƙirar kuma tana amfani da wasu aikace-aikacen yanar gizo da waɗanda ba na yanar gizo ba (Hoto 6). Arc/LED ya haɗa da gidan fitila na gama gari wanda zai iya ɗaukar ko dai tururin mercury ko kaset na LED. Dukansu kaset ɗin suna gudana daga tsarin iko da sarrafawa na duniya. Hankali a cikin tsarin yana ba da damar bambancewa tsakanin nau'ikan kaset kuma ta atomatik samar da wutar lantarki da ta dace, sanyaya, da mahallin ma'aikata. Cire ko shigar da ko dai na GEW's mercury vapor ko kaset na LED yawanci ana yin su a cikin daƙiƙa ta amfani da maƙallan Allen guda ɗaya.
HOTO NA 6 »Arc/LED tsarin don yanar gizo.
Excimer Lamps
Excimer fitulun wani nau'in fitilar fitar da iskar gas ne wanda ke fitar da makamashin quasi-monochromatic ultraviolet. Yayin da fitulun excimer suna samuwa a cikin tsayin raƙuman ruwa da yawa, abubuwan da ake samu na ultraviolet gama gari suna a tsakiya a 172, 222, 308, da 351 nm. Fitilar 172-nm excimer sun faɗi cikin rukunin UV (100 zuwa 200 nm), yayin da 222 nm keɓaɓɓen UVC (200 zuwa 280 nm). 308-nm excimer fitilu suna fitar da UVB (280 zuwa 315 nm), kuma 351 nm yana da ƙarfi UVA (315 zuwa 400 nm).
172-nm vacuum UV raƙuman ruwa sun fi guntu kuma sun ƙunshi makamashi fiye da UVC; duk da haka, suna kokawa don kutsawa zurfi cikin abubuwa. A zahiri, tsayin raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman ruwa na 172-nm ana ɗauka gabaɗaya a cikin saman 10 zuwa 200 nm na ƙirar sinadarai na UV. A sakamakon haka, fitilun 172-nm excimer fitilu za su ketare saman mafi girman tsarin UV kuma dole ne a haɗa su tare da sauran na'urorin warkewa. Tun da iska mai tsaftar UV kuma iska ke ɗaukar iska, 172-nm excimer fitilun dole ne a yi amfani da su a cikin yanayi mara amfani da nitrogen.
Yawancin fitilun fitilu sun ƙunshi bututun quartz wanda ke aiki azaman shingen dielectric. An cika bututun da iskar gas da ba kasafai ke iya samar da kwayoyin excimer ko exciplex (Hoto na 7). Gas daban-daban suna samar da kwayoyin halitta daban-daban, kuma nau'ikan abubuwan farin ciki daban-daban suna tantance tsawon tsayin da fitilar ke fitarwa. Babban ƙarfin lantarki yana gudana tare da tsawon ciki na bututun quartz, kuma na'urorin lantarki na ƙasa suna gudana tare da tsayin waje. Ana bugun wutar lantarki a cikin fitilun a mitoci masu yawa. Wannan yana haifar da electrons don gudana a cikin na'urar lantarki na ciki da kuma fitarwa a cikin cakuda gas zuwa ga na'urorin lantarki na waje. Wannan al'amari na kimiyya da aka sani da dielectric barrier sallama (DBD). Yayin da electrons ke tafiya ta cikin gas, suna mu'amala da kwayoyin halitta kuma suna haifar da kuzari ko ionized nau'ikan da ke samar da kwayoyin excimer ko exciplex. Excimer da exciplex kwayoyin suna da ɗan gajeren rayuwa mai ban mamaki, kuma yayin da suke bazuwa daga yanayi mai ban sha'awa zuwa yanayin ƙasa, ana fitar da photon na nau'in rarraba nau'in monochrome.
HOTO NA 7 »Excimer fitila
Ba kamar fitilun mercury ba, saman bututun quartz fitilar eximer ba ya yin zafi. A sakamakon haka, yawancin fitulun excimer suna gudana ba tare da sanyaya kaɗan ba. A wasu lokuta, ana buƙatar ƙaramin matakin sanyaya wanda yawanci ana samarwa ta iskar nitrogen. Saboda kwanciyar hankali na fitilun, fitilun fitilun suna 'ON/KASHE' nan take kuma ba sa buƙatar zagayowar dumi ko sanyi.
Lokacin da fitilu masu haskakawa a 172 nm aka haɗa su a hade tare da duka-monochromatic UVA-LED-curing tsarin da broadband mercury vapor fitilu, matting surface effects ana samar da. Ana fara amfani da fitilun UVA LED don yin amfani da sunadarai. Ana amfani da fitilun quasi-monochromatic excimer fitilun don yin polymerize a saman, kuma a ƙarshe fitilun mercury na broadband sun haɗe sauran sinadarai. Abubuwan da aka keɓance na musamman na fasahohin uku da aka yi amfani da su a cikin matakai daban-daban suna ba da fa'ida mai fa'ida da tasirin warkewar saman da ba za a iya samu tare da kowane ɗayan tushen UV da kansa ba.
Excimer wavelengths na 172 da 222 nm suma suna da tasiri wajen lalata abubuwa masu haɗari masu haɗari da ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa, waɗanda ke sa fitilun fitilu masu amfani don tsaftace ƙasa, lalata, da jiyya na makamashin saman.
Rayuwar Lamba
Game da fitila ko rayuwar kwan fitila, GEW's arc fitilun gabaɗaya har zuwa awanni 2,000. Rayuwar fitila ba cikakke ba ce, kamar yadda fitowar UV ke raguwa a hankali akan lokaci kuma abubuwa daban-daban suna tasiri. Zane da ingancin fitilar, kazalika da yanayin aiki na tsarin UV da kuma sake kunnawa na abin da aka tsara. Tsarin UV da aka tsara daidai yana tabbatar da cewa an samar da daidaitaccen wutar lantarki da sanyaya da ake buƙata ta takamaiman ƙirar fitilar (kwalwa).
Fitillun da aka ba da GEW (fitila) koyaushe suna ba da mafi tsayin rayuwa yayin amfani da tsarin warkarwa na GEW. Tushen samar da kayayyaki na biyu gabaɗaya sun juyar da fitilar daga samfurin, kuma kwafin ƙila ba za su ƙunsar daidaitaccen ƙarshen daidai ba, diamita na quartz, abun ciki na mercury, ko cakuda gas, wanda duk zai iya shafar fitowar UV da samar da zafi. Lokacin da samar da zafi ba a daidaita da tsarin sanyaya, fitilar tana shan wahala a duka fitarwa da rayuwa. Fitillun da ke kunna mai sanyaya suna fitar da ƙarancin UV. Fitillun da suke da zafi ba su daɗe ba kuma suna jujjuyawa a yanayin zafi mai tsayi.
Rayuwar fitilun baka na lantarki yana iyakance ne da yanayin zafin fitilun, yawan lokutan gudu, da adadin farawa ko bugun. Duk lokacin da aka bugi fitila da babban ƙarfin ƙarfin wuta yayin farawa, ɗan ƙaramin lantarki na tungsten ya ƙare. A ƙarshe, fitilar ba za ta sake bugawa ba. Fitilolin baka na Electrode sun haɗa da hanyoyin rufewa waɗanda, lokacin da suke aiki, suna toshe fitowar UV azaman madadin maimaita hawan wutar lantarki. Ƙarin tawada masu amsawa, sutura, da adhesives na iya haifar da tsawon rayuwar fitila; alhãli kuwa, ƙarancin amsawa na iya buƙatar ƙarin canje-canjen fitilu.
Tsarin UV-LED a zahiri sun fi tsayi fiye da fitilu na al'ada, amma rayuwar UV-LED kuma ba cikakke ba ce. Kamar yadda yake da fitilun na al'ada, UV LEDs suna da iyaka ta yadda za'a iya fitar da su kuma gabaɗaya dole ne suyi aiki tare da yanayin zafi ƙasa da 120 ° C. Fiye da tuƙi LEDs da ƙarƙashin-sanyi LEDs za su lalata rayuwa, haifar da ƙarin lalacewa cikin sauri ko gazawar bala'i. Ba duk masu samar da tsarin UV-LED ba a halin yanzu suna ba da ƙira waɗanda suka dace da mafi girman kafaffen rayuwa fiye da sa'o'i 20,000. Mafi kyawun tsari da tsare-tsaren tsare-tsare za su wuce sa'o'i 20,000, kuma mafi ƙarancin tsarin za su yi kasala a cikin fitattun tagogi. Labari mai dadi shine cewa tsarin tsarin LED yana ci gaba da ingantawa kuma yana dadewa tare da kowane ƙirar ƙira.
Ozon
Lokacin da gajeren zangon UVC ya yi tasiri ga kwayoyin oxygen (O2), suna haifar da kwayoyin oxygen (O2) zuwa kashi biyu na oxygen atom (O). Atom ɗin oxygen ɗin kyauta (O) sannan su yi karo da sauran ƙwayoyin oxygen (O2) kuma su zama ozone (O3). Tun da trioxygen (O3) ba shi da kwanciyar hankali a matakin ƙasa fiye da dioxygen (O2), ozone yana komawa cikin hanzari zuwa kwayoyin oxygen (O2) da oxygen atom (O) yayin da yake tafiya ta cikin iska. Atom ɗin oxygen kyauta (O) sannan su sake haɗuwa da juna a cikin tsarin shaye-shaye don samar da kwayoyin oxygen (O2).
Don aikace-aikacen sarrafa UV na masana'antu, ana samar da ozone (O3) lokacin da iskar oxygen ke hulɗa tare da raƙuman ultraviolet ƙasa da 240 nm. Broadband mercury tururi-curing kafofin watsar UVC tsakanin 200 zuwa 280 nm, wanda ya mamaye wani yanki na ozone samar da wutar lantarki, da excimer fitulun fitar da vacuum UV a 172 nm ko UVC a 222 nm. Ozone halitta ta Mercury tururi da excimer curing fitilu ba shi da kwanciyar hankali kuma ba wani muhimmin damuwa na muhalli ba, amma ya zama dole a cire shi daga wurin da ke kewaye da ma'aikata saboda yana da ban sha'awa na numfashi da mai guba a matakan girma. Tunda tsarin sarrafa UV-LED na kasuwanci yana fitar da fitowar UVA tsakanin 365 da 405 nm, ozone ba a samar da shi ba.
Ozone yana da wari mai kama da warin ƙarfe, waya mai ƙonewa, chlorine, da walƙiya na lantarki. Hannun kamshi na ɗan adam na iya gano ozone ƙasa da 0.01 zuwa 0.03 sassa a kowace miliyan (ppm). Duk da yake ya bambanta ta mutum da matakin aiki, ƙaddamarwa fiye da 0.4 ppm na iya haifar da mummunan tasirin numfashi da ciwon kai. Ya kamata a shigar da iskar da ta dace akan layukan warkar da UV don iyakance bayyanar ma'aikaci zuwa ozone.
An tsara tsarin sarrafa UV gabaɗaya don ɗaukar iskar da ke shayewa yayin da take barin kan fitulun ta yadda za a iya fitar da ita daga masu aiki da wajen ginin inda a zahiri ta lalace a gaban iskar oxygen da hasken rana. A madadin, fitilun da ba su da sararin samaniya sun haɗa da ƙarar ma'adini wanda ke toshe raƙuman ruwa masu samar da ozone, kuma wuraren da ke son guje wa ducting ko yanke ramuka a cikin rufin galibi suna amfani da matattara a kan fitowar masu shaye-shaye.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-19-2024
