Tattalin Arzikin Duniya yana fuskantar mafi girman rashin daidaituwar sarkar samar da kayayyaki a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kwanan nan.
Ƙungiyoyin da ke wakiltar masana'antun buga tawada a sassa daban-daban na Turai sun yi cikakken bayani game da mawuyacin hali da ƙalubale na al'amuran sarkar samar da kayayyaki da sashen ke fuskanta yayin da yake tafiya cikin 2022.
TheƘungiyar Tawada ta Turai (EuPIA)ya bayyana gaskiyar cewa cutar sankarau ta haifar da yanayi na gama gari daidai da abubuwan da ake buƙata don cikakkiyar guguwa.Ana ganin tarin abubuwa daban-daban a yanzu suna yin tasiri sosai ga dukkan sassan samar da kayayyaki.
Mafi akasarin masana tattalin arziki da masana sarkar samar da kayayyaki suna da ra'ayin cewa tattalin arzikin duniya yana fuskantar koma bayan tsarin samar da kayayyaki da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba a baya-bayan nan.Buƙatun samfuran na ci gaba da zarce wadata kuma, a sakamakon haka, albarkatun ƙasa da wadatar kayayyaki sun yi tasiri sosai.
Wannan yanayin, wanda bala'in duniya ke haifar da shi wanda ke ci gaba da haifar da rufe masana'antu a cikin ƙasashe da yawa, ya fara tsananta ne ta hanyar rukunin masu amfani da gida da ke siyan abubuwa fiye da yadda aka saba da kuma wajen lokutan kololuwar yanayi.Na biyu, farfaɗo da tattalin arzikin duniya a lokaci guda a duk faɗin duniya ya haifar da ƙarin hauhawar buƙata.
Matsalolin samar da kayayyaki da suka taso kai tsaye daga bukatu na keɓewar cutar, da karancin ma'aikata da na direbobi su ma sun haifar da matsaloli, yayin da a kasar Sin, an rage yawan kayayyakin da ake fitarwa sakamakon shirin rage yawan makamashi na kasar Sin, da karancin kayan masarufi ya kara kaimi kan ci gaban masana'antu.
Mabuɗin Damuwa
Ga masu kera tawada da kayan shafa, ƙarancin sufuri da ƙarancin kayan aiki suna haifar da ƙalubale iri-iri, kamar yadda aka tsara a ƙasa:
• _x0007_Sadarwa da buƙatar rashin daidaituwa ga yawancin albarkatun ƙasa masu mahimmanci da aka yi amfani da su wajen samar da tawada -misali mai kayan lambu da abubuwan da suka samo asali, petrochemicals, pigments da TiO2—suna haifar da cikas ga kamfanonin membobin EuPIA.Kayayyaki a cikin duk waɗannan nau'ikan, zuwa wani nau'i daban-daban, suna ganin ƙarin buƙatu yayin da ake ci gaba da takurawa wadata.Sauye-sauyen buƙatu a cikin wuraren da aka bari ya haifar da ƙarin rikitarwa a cikin iyawar dillalai don yin hasashe da tsara jigilar kayayyaki.
• _x0007_Pigments, ciki har da TiO2, sun ƙaru kwanan nan saboda karuwar buƙatu da rufe masana'anta a China sakamakon shirin rage makamashi na kasar Sin.TiO2 ya sami ƙarin buƙatu don samar da fenti na gine-gine (kamar yadda ɓangaren DIY na duniya ya sami ƙaruwa mai yawa dangane da masu amfani da ke zama a gida) da samar da injin injin iska.
• _x0007_Samar da albarkatun kayan lambu ya shafi rashin kyawun yanayi a Amurka da Latin Amurka.Abin takaici, wannan ya zo daidai da shigo da kayayyaki na kasar Sin da kuma amfani da wannan nau'in albarkatun kasa ya karu.
• _x0007_Petrochemicals-UV-curable, polyurethane da acrylic resins da kaushi-sun kasance suna tashi a farashi tun farkon 2020 tare da wasu daga cikin waɗannan kayan suna samun ƙaruwa wanda ya wuce matakan da ake tsammani.Bugu da ƙari, masana'antu sun shaidi ɗimbin abubuwan da suka faru na ƙarfi majeure waɗanda suka ƙara takura wadatar da kuma ta'azzara halin rashin kwanciyar hankali.
Yayin da farashin ke ci gaba da karuwa da wadata yana ci gaba da ƙarfafawa, masu kera tawada da masu kera duk suna samun tasiri sosai sakamakon gasa mai ƙarfi na kayan da albarkatu.
Kalubalen da masana'antu ke fuskanta ba, duk da haka, ba su keɓe ga kayan sinadarai da sinadarai kawai ba.Sauran nau'ikan masana'antu kamar marufi, kaya da sufuri, suma suna fuskantar matsaloli.
• _x0007_Masana'antar tana ci gaba da fuskantar ƙarancin ƙarfe na ganguna da kayan abinci na HDPE da ake amfani da su don pails da jug.Ƙara yawan buƙatu a cikin kasuwancin kan layi yana haifar da ƙarancin wadatar akwatuna da abubuwan sakawa.Rarraba kayan aiki, jinkirin samarwa, kayan abinci, majeures mai ƙarfi da ƙarancin aiki duk suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka marufi.Matsanancin matakan buƙatu na ci gaba da wuce gona da iri.
• _x0007_Cutar cutar ta haifar da ayyukan siyayyar mabukaci da yawa (dukansu a lokacin rufewa da bayan rufewa), haifar da buƙatu na ban mamaki a cikin masana'antu da yawa tare da lalata ƙarfin jigilar iska da na ruwa.Farashin man jet ya karu tare da jigilar kaya (a wasu hanyoyi daga Asiya-Pacific zuwa Turai da/ko Amurka, farashin kwantena ya karu 8-10x na al'ada).Jadawalin jigilar kayayyaki na teku da ba a saba gani ba sun fito, kuma masu jigilar kayayyaki sun makale ko ƙalubale don nemo tashar jiragen ruwa don sauke kwantena.Haɗin kai na ƙarin buƙatu da sabis ɗin kayan masarufi marasa tsari ya haifar da ƙarancin ƙarancin kayan aiki.
• _x0007_Sakamakon bala'in cutar, ana daukar tsauraran matakan kiwon lafiya da tsaro a tashoshin jiragen ruwa na duniya, wanda ke shafar karfin tashar jiragen ruwa da kayan aiki.Yawancin masu jigilar kayayyaki na teku sun rasa lokutan isowarsu, da kuma jiragen da ba sa zuwa kan lokaci suna samun jinkiri yayin da suke jiran sabbin ramuka don buɗewa.Wannan ya ba da gudummawa ga hauhawar farashin jigilar kayayyaki tun kaka 2020.
• _x0007_Akwai matsananciyar karancin direbobin manyan motoci a yankuna da dama amma wannan ya fi bayyana a fadin Turai.Duk da cewa wannan karancin ba sabon abu bane kuma ya kasance abin damuwa na akalla shekaru 15, an kara tsananta shi saboda barkewar cutar a duniya.
A halin da ake ciki, ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na baya-bayan nan daga Tarayyar Turan Birtaniyya ta nuna cewa a farkon kaka na 2021, an sami ƙarin hauhawar farashin kayan masarufi da ke shafar sassan fenti da buga tawada a Burtaniya, ma'ana cewa masana'antun yanzu sun fallasa su ga mafi girma. tsadar farashin.Tun da albarkatun kasa na kusan kashi 50% na duk farashin da ake samu a masana'antar, kuma tare da wasu farashi kamar makamashi kuma yana ƙaruwa da sauri, tasirin da ke kan ɓangaren ba zai yuwu ba.
Farashin man fetur yanzu ya ninka fiye da ninki biyu a cikin watanni 12 da suka gabata kuma ya karu da kashi 250 cikin 100 a daidai lokacin da annobar ta bulla a watan Maris na 2020, fiye da yadda aka samu karuwar hauhawar farashin man fetur a lokacin rikicin farashin mai da kungiyar OPEC ta jagoranta a shekarar 1973/4 da sauransu. Kwanan nan farashin ya hauhawa a cikin 2007 da 2008 yayin da tattalin arzikin duniya ke fuskantar koma bayan tattalin arziki.A kan dalar Amurka 83/ganga, farashin mai a farkon watan Nuwamba ya tashi daga matsakaicin dalar Amurka 42 a watan Satumban shekara guda da ta wuce.
Tasiri kan Masana'antar Tawada
Tasiri kan masu kera fenti da buga tawada a fili yana da matuƙar tsanani tare da farashin kaushi yanzu 82% mafi girma akan matsakaita fiye da shekara guda da ta gabata, kuma tare da resins da kayan da ke da alaƙa suna ganin hauhawar farashin 36%.
Farashin wasu maɓalli da dama da masana'antu ke amfani da su sun ninka kuma sun ninka, tare da fitattun misalan su n-butanol daga £750 kan kowace ton zuwa £2,560 a shekara.n-butyl acetate, methoxypropanol da methoxypropyl acetate suma sun ga farashin ninki biyu ko treble.
Hakanan ana ganin farashi mafi girma don resins da kayan da ke da alaƙa tare da, alal misali, matsakaicin farashin resin epoxy ya haura da kashi 124% a cikin Satumba 2021 idan aka kwatanta da Satumba 2020.
A wani wuri kuma, yawancin farashin launi kuma sun kasance mafi girma tare da farashin TiO2 9% sama da shekara guda da ta gabata.A cikin marufi, farashin ya kasance mafi girma a duk faɗin hukumar tare da, alal misali, gwangwani na lita biyar sun haura 10% kuma tare da farashin ganga 40% mafi girma a cikin Oktoba.
Hasashen da ake dogaro da shi yana da wuya a samu amma tare da yawancin manyan ƙungiyoyin hasashen da ke tsammanin farashin mai zai kasance sama da dalar Amurka 70/ganga na 2022, alamun sun nuna cewa farashin mai ya tsaya nan.
Farashin Mai zuwa Matsakaici a cikin '22
A halin da ake ciki, a cewar Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Amurka (EIA), hasashenta na gajeren lokaci na makamashi na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa karuwar samar da danyen mai da albarkatun mai daga kasashen OPEC+ da Amurka zai haifar da karuwar albarkatun mai a duniya tare da karuwar danyen mai. Farashin ya fadi a 2022.
Yawan danyen mai da ake amfani da shi a duniya ya zarce yawan danyen mai na kashi biyar a jere, wanda ya fara daga kashi na uku na shekarar 2020. A cikin wannan lokaci, albarkatun man fetur a kasashen OECD sun fadi da ganga miliyan 424, wato kashi 13%.Ana sa ran cewa buƙatun ɗanyen mai na duniya zai zarce wadatar da duniya har zuwa ƙarshen shekara, zai ba da gudummawa ga wasu ƙarin ƙididdiga, da kuma kiyaye farashin ɗanyen mai na Brent sama da dalar Amurka 80/ganga har zuwa Disamba 2021.
Hasashen EIA shine cewa man fetur na duniya zai fara ginawa a cikin 2022, sakamakon haɓakar haƙoran da ake samu daga ƙasashen OPEC+ da Amurka duk da haka tare da raguwar haɓakar buƙatun mai a duniya.
Wataƙila wannan canjin zai iya sanya matsin lamba kan farashin Brent, wanda zai kai dalar Amurka 72/ ganga yayin 2022.
Farashin danyen mai na Brent, ma'ajin danyen mai na kasa da kasa, da West Texas Intermediate (WTI), ma'auni na danyen mai na Amurka, sun yi tashin gwauron zabi tun a watan Afrilun 2020 kuma yanzu sun haura matakan riga-kafin cutar.
A watan Oktoban 2021, farashin danyen mai na Brent ya kai dalar Amurka 84/ganga, kuma farashin WTI ya kai dalar Amurka 81/ ganga, wanda shine mafi girman farashin maras tushe tun Oktoba 2014. EIA ta yi hasashen cewa farashin Brent zai fado daga matsakaicin matsakaici. na dalar Amurka 84/ ganga a watan Oktoba 2021 zuwa dalar Amurka 66/ ganga a watan Disamba 2022 kuma farashin WTI zai fado daga matsakaicin dalar Amurka 81/ganga zuwa dalar Amurka 62/ganga a duk tsawon lokaci guda.
Karancin albarkatun danyen mai, a duniya da kuma Amurka, sun sanya matsin lamba kan farashin danyen mai da ke kusa da kwangilolin danyen mai, yayin da farashin kwantiragin danyen mai da ya dade ya ragu, yana mai hasashen samun daidaiton kasuwa a shekarar 2022.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-31-2022
