Hanyoyin haɗa sinadarai na acrylate reactive diluents galibi sun haɗa da direct esterification, transesterification, hanyar acid chloride, phase-transfer catalysis, da kuma ƙarin esterification. Duk da haka, yawancin ana samar da su ta hanyar direct esterification.
(1) Daidaita Daidaito Kai Tsaye
CH₂=CHCOOH + ROH -catalyst→ CH₂=CHCOOR + H₂O
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su wajen haɓaka sinadarin sinadarai kai tsaye sun haɗa da sinadarin sulfuric acid mai ƙarfi, sinadarin p-toluenesulfonic acid, da kuma sinadarin methanesulfonic acid. Amfani da sinadarin sulfuric acid mai ƙarfi a matsayin sinadarin sinadaran sinadarai masu ƙarfafa sinadarin sinadarai sau da yawa yakan haifar da wasu sakamako kamar bushewar jiki, oxidation, da kuma sake samar da sinadarin sinadarai masu rage sinadarin sinadarai. Wannan yana haifar da wasu sinadarai daban-daban, yana rikitar da tsarkakewar samfura da kuma dawo da albarkatun ƙasa, yana kawo cikas ga tsarin bayan magani, kuma yana kawo cikas ga ingancin samfura yayin da yake lalata kayan aiki. Saboda haka, ana amfani da PTSA galibi a masana'antar da ake samarwa a yanzu saboda fa'idodinsa, gami da ƙarancin buƙatar allurai, ƙarancin yanayin zafi, yawan juyawa, da kuma ingancin samfura mafi kyau. Bayan kammala aikin, ana iya raba sinadarin sinadarai cikin sauƙi daga samfurin, yana sauƙaƙa aikin aikin. Ana cire ruwan da ake samarwa yayin aikin esterification ta amfani da na'urar azeotropic entrainer (wakilin bushewa). Masu samar da sinadarai na yau da kullun sun haɗa da benzene, toluene, xylene, cyclohexane, da n-heptane, waɗanda ke samar da azeotropes tare da ruwan amsawa don ɗaukarsa. Alkanes suna da tsada kuma suna da saurin canzawa; xylene yana da babban wurin tafasa; benzene yana da ƙarancin wurin tafasa da kuma babban canjin yanayi, wanda ke sa ya yi wuya a murmure, kuma yana nuna babban guba. Saboda haka, galibi ana fifita toluene a matsayin mai samar da sinadarai. Toluene yana da wurin tafasa na 110°C da kuma wurin tafasa na toluene azeotropic na ruwa-toluene na 84°C; yana narkewa cikin sauƙi yayin cire sinadarin narkewar iska, yana tabbatar da babban saurin murmurewa, ƙarancin guba fiye da benzene, da kuma farashi mai rahusa. Duk da haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ƙuntatawa kan abubuwan da ke cikin benzene a cikin rufi, tawada, da manne ya sa masana'antun da yawa su kawar da toluene don fifita masu samar da sinadarai na tushen alkane. Dole ne a gabatar da masu hana polymerization a lokacin aikin esterification don hana polymerization na acrylic acid monomer da samfurin acrylate da ya fito da wuri. Masu hana polymerization da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da mahaɗan phenolic (kamar hydroquinone [HQ] da tert-butylhydroquinone [TBHQ]), mahaɗan amine (kamar phenothiazine da p-phenylenediamine), da kuma mahaɗan haɗin gwiwar jan ƙarfe (kamar jan ƙarfe dimethyldiethyldithiocarbamate da jan ƙarfe dibutyl dithiocarbamate), waɗanda aka yi amfani da su ko dai daban-daban ko kuma a matsayin haɗin gwiwa. Ga manyan alkyl acrylates, ana iya amfani da sinadarin esterification na narkewa. Wannan hanyar tana kawar da buƙatar mai shiga ciki kuma tana rage yawan abubuwan da ake buƙata na abubuwan kara kuzari da masu hana shiga. Bayan an yi amfani da reflux a 110–120°C, ana yin bushewar jiki, kuma a ƙarshe ana cire acrylic acid da ragowar ruwan da ba a mayar da martani ba ta hanyar narkar da injin, wanda hakan ke haifar da alkyl acrylates masu yawa tare da tsafta da yawan amfani.
(2) Transesterification
CH₂=CHCOOCH₃ + ROH → CH₂=CHCOOR + CH₃OH
Lokacin shirya alkyl acrylates masu girma ko acrylates masu aiki ta hanyar transesterification, yawanci ana zaɓar methyl acrylate a matsayin kayan farawa na alkyl ester na ƙasa. Saboda ƙarancin zafin tafasarsa (80°C), dole ne a gudanar da esterification a ƙananan zafin jiki, wanda ke tsawaita lokacin amsawa. Bugu da ƙari, methanol mai narkewa yana samar da azeotrope tare da methyl acrylate (wurin tafasa 62-63°C), wanda ke ɗauke da methyl acrylate mai amsawa kuma saboda haka yana rage yawan ester da aka yi niyya. Methyl acrylate da acrylates masu girma suna da saurin kamuwa da copolymerization da homopolymerization, wanda ke ƙara rage yawan acrylates masu girma; don haka, ana buƙatar ƙara yawan masu hanawa akai-akai. Saboda la'akari da farashi da rikitarwa bayan magani, ba a sake amfani da wannan hanyar a kasuwanci don haɗa acrylates masu girma da acrylates masu aiki ba.
(3) Hanyar Acid Chloride
CH₂=CHCOOH + SOCl₂ → CH₂=CHCOCl + HCl + CO₂
CH₂=CHCOCl + ROH → CH₂=CHCOOR + HCl
Wannan hanyar da farko tana yin hulɗa da acrylic acid tare da thionyl chloride don haɗa acryloyl chloride, wanda daga nan sai ya shiga aikin esterification tare da barasa. Ba ya buƙatar masu haɓaka ko masu shiga. Saboda amsawar tana faruwa a ƙananan yanayin zafi, ana kuma guje wa ƙara masu hana polymerization. Esterification yana gudana kusan adadi, yana samar da tsarkin samfuri na musamman. Duk da haka, tsari ne mai matakai biyu tare da farashin samarwa mai yawa. Reaction ɗin yana haifar da adadi mai yawa na iskar gas ta HCl da SO₂, yana buƙatar tsarin gogewa mai matakai da yawa tare da ruwan alkaline mai narkewa da ruwa don sha.
(4) Tsarin Canja wurin Mataki (PTC)
2CH₂=CH₃|C-COOH + Na₂CO₃ → 2CH₂=CH₃|C-COONa + CO₂ + H₂O
CH₂=CH₃|C-COONa + ClCH₂-CH₂O → CH₂=CH₃|C-COOCH₂-CH₂O + NaCl
Sodium methacrylate yana wanzuwa a matsayin mai ƙarfi, yayin da epichlorohydrin ruwa ne. Idan babu mai kara kuzari, amsawar da ke tsakaninsu tana da jinkiri sosai, wanda hakan ke buƙatar amfani da mai kara kuzari na canja wuri (PTC). Masu kara kuzari masu dacewa sun haɗa da gishirin ammonium na quaternary, gishirin phosphonium na quaternary, da kuma ethers na kambi. Gishirin ammonium na Quaternary sune suka fi yawa, kamar cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (BTMAC), da tetramethylammonium chloride (TMAC). Kasancewar danshi a cikin tsarin amsawa yana haifar da halayen gefe; saboda haka, don inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa, dole ne a kiyaye kayan da aka samar da kuma tsarin amsawar su a bushe.
(5) Ƙarin Bayani
CH₂=R₁|C-COOH + CH₂-CH₂O-R₂ → CH₂=R₁|C-COO-CH₂-OH|CH₂-R₂
Ta hanyar shigar da ethylene oxide ko propylene oxide kai tsaye cikin (meth) acrylic acid a gaban mai kara kuzari, ana samun ƙarin buɗewar zobe, wanda ke haɗa hydroxy (meth)acrylates (kamar HEA, HEMA, HPA, ko HPMA). 
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-10-2026
